{"id":5793,"date":"2022-10-02T08:04:00","date_gmt":"2022-10-02T05:04:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wordpress-1316973-5388710.cloudwaysapps.com\/?p=5793"},"modified":"2022-11-11T21:51:15","modified_gmt":"2022-11-11T18:51:15","slug":"ustun-zeka-belirtileri-nelerdir-nasil-egitilmelidir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/healmeup-blog-test.internalapps.rocks\/ustun-zeka-belirtileri-nelerdir-nasil-egitilmelidir\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00dcst\u00fcn Zek\u00e2 Belirtileri Nelerdir? Nas\u0131l E\u011fitilmelidir?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u00dcst\u00fcn zek\u00e2 ile ilgili bilinen ilk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 antik yunan \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerinden Plato y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Plato, Devlet isimli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda \u201cbak\u0131ra benzeyen s\u0131n\u0131f (k\u00f6leler)\u201d, \u201ctunca benzeyen s\u0131n\u0131f (esnaf, t\u00fcccar ve sanatk\u00e2rlar)\u201d, \u201cg\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fe benzeyen s\u0131n\u0131f (sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar, se\u00e7kin sanatk\u00e2rlar)\u201d ve \u201calt\u0131na benzeyen s\u0131n\u0131f (gelece\u011fin y\u00f6netici filozoflar\u0131)\u201d olmak \u00fczere insanlar\u0131 d\u00f6rt gruba ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Plato alt\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na mensup olan ki\u015filerin kal\u0131tsal olarak \u00fcst\u00fcn zek\u00e2l\u0131, haf\u0131zalar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc, yarg\u0131lama konusunda sa\u011flam ve mant\u0131kl\u0131 ki\u015filer olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131ca bu ki\u015filerin toplumu y\u00f6netme konusunda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olabileceklerini savunmu\u015ftur. Daha sonra bir\u00e7ok bilim insan\u0131 bu konu \u00fczerinde ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar sonucu zek\u00e2 testleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1905 senesinde Binet bilinen ilk zek\u00e2 testini geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Bu test ki\u015filerin kal\u0131tsal zek\u00e2s\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda mant\u0131k, pratik zek\u00e2, sa\u011fduyu, ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015famdaki becerilerini de \u00f6l\u00e7mektedir. Binet \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda zek\u00e2 ile e\u011fitim kavramlar\u0131n\u0131 birbirinden ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve zek\u00e2n\u0131n daha karma\u015f\u0131k bir yap\u0131 oldu\u011funu vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1912 senesine geldi\u011fimizde ise Stern, zek\u00e2 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc anlam\u0131na gelen IQ (Intelligent Quotient) kavram\u0131n\u0131 literat\u00fcre kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ard\u0131ndan 1900\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llarda ba\u015flay\u0131p 2020 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar s\u00fcrmesi beklenen \u00fcst\u00fcn zek\u00e2l\u0131 1528 ki\u015finin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ile Lewis Madison Terman \u00f6nderli\u011finde \u201cGenetic Studies of Genius\u201d <\/em>adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n 672\u201fsi k\u0131z, 856\u201fs\u0131 ise erkektir. Ortalama ya\u015flar\u0131 12 olan bu \u00e7ocuklardan erkeklerin IQ ortalamas\u0131 151,5 iken k\u0131zlar\u0131n IQ ortalamas\u0131 150,4 olarak saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma literat\u00fcre olduk\u00e7a katk\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda e\u011fitime verilen \u00f6nemin de artmas\u0131na sebep olmu\u015ftur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1969 senesinde Sidney Marland \u00fcst\u00fcn zek\u00e2l\u0131lar \u00fczerine bir rapor yazmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu rapor sonucunda Amerikan h\u00fck\u00fcmeti \u00fcst\u00fcn zek\u00e2l\u0131lara y\u00f6nelik e\u011fitim programlar\u0131 ve projeler \u00fcretmi\u015ftir. Marland\u2019\u0131n raporu \u00fcst\u00fcn zek\u00e2n\u0131n \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc oldu\u011funu vurgulamaktad\u0131r. 80\u2019li y\u0131llarda Sternberg, insan zek\u00e2s\u0131n\u0131 birbiri ile etkile\u015fim halinde olan analitik, pratik ve yarat\u0131c\u0131 zek\u00e2 ile a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r. Son y\u0131llarda ise hepimizin a\u015fina oldu\u011fu s\u00f6zel zek\u00e2, matematiksel zek\u00e2, g\u00f6rsel zek\u00e2, m\u00fcziksel zek\u00e2, i\u00e7sel zek\u00e2, sosyal zek\u00e2, bedensel zek\u00e2 ve do\u011fac\u0131 zek\u00e2 kavramlar\u0131 Gardner taraf\u0131ndan literat\u00fcre kazand\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dcst\u00fcn zek\u00e2 kavram\u0131n\u0131n tarih\u00e7esine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman ba\u015fta tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir kavram olarak ele al\u0131nsa da sonralar\u0131 \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc hale gelmi\u015ftir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Terman \u00fcst\u00fcn zek\u00e2y\u0131 sadece zek\u00e2 seviyesi ile de\u011ferlendirmemektedir. Bunun yerine farkl\u0131 farkl\u0131 alanlarda yetenekli olan insanlar\u0131 mercek alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Edebiyat, sanat, liderlik bu alanlara \u00f6rnek olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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